Internal-combustion engine.



H. R. RICARDO.

INTERNAL comausnow ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I3. 19!].

Patented Mar. 18, 1919,

3 SHEETS-SHEET H. R. RICARDO.

, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I3. I91].

1,297,410 v Patented Mar. 18,1919.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2- 3 F3 C -"x H. R. RICARDO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-13, I9l7.

Pdtented Ma1'. 18,19l9

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UT ETAT PATNT HARRY RALPH RICARDO, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 18, 1%19.

Application filed August 13, 1917'. Serial No 186,082.

I following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combus tion eng'nes of the type employing super- 1 compresslon and in which air or gas orboth comprised in the combustible charge is cooled after preliminary compression andbefore entering the working cylinder. The present invention has for its object to effect certain improvements in the construction arrangement and operation of the cooling device.

According to this invention there is mounted on one side of the engine cylinder a chamber which is provided with a nonreturn inlet valve and this chamber com' municates with the interior of the cylinder through a passage leading from one end of the cylinder and through a second passage in which may be a cock or throttle leading to ports in the cylinder wall. In the cylinder reciprocates a difi'erential piston one face of which acts as a pump in that end of the cylinder which is in -connnunicati0n with the chamber. the gas, which is drawn through the inlet valve in the chamber into the end of the cylinder, after this gashas been compressed in the cylinder and as it passes through the chamber and by way of the ports into the working end of the cylinder. The cooling may be effected of water pipes which pass through the chain berin either case constituting part of the cooling water system of the engine. Alternatively the induction pipe through which "explosive mixture is conveyed to the combustion chamber of the cylinder or what may be termed its working end, may be led through the cooling chamber so that the heat from the gases which are compressed in the pump end of the cylinder as they pass through this chamber will be transferred to or taken up by the cool gases flowing through the induction pipe. Either air or explosive mixture may be compressed in the pump end of the cylinder and after compression and cooling this gas, is introduced into the working end of the cylinder as a supercharge.

Means are provided for cooling by a water jacket or a series,

Fig. 3 is a cross section of the cooling.

chamber shown in Fig. 2, the section being taken on the line 3-3 in that figure.

Fig. 4 is a similar view showing a modification of the invention.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

The internal combustion engine illustrated operates on the four stroke cycle the charge being subjected to compression in two stages. The cylinder A is so formed that one end A constitutes the usual combustion chamber, 1n the head of which are formed the usual inlet and exhaust ports that are. controlled, respectively, by valves S S, while the other end opens into a chamber A in which air or an explosive mixture is compressed by one face of the piston B. The latter in the preferred construction is formed with a trunk B of less diameter than the piston portion B this trunk reciprocating in a cylinder C which is correspondingly of less diameter than the cylinder A and mounted at the open end of the cylinder A. The piston is thus provided with an annular pump face B by means of which air or gas can be drawn into and compressed inthe chamber A This air or gas after compression passes into an annular chamber A and thence through ports A into the cylinder A when these ports are uncovered by thepiston B at the end of the outstroke of the latter.

According to this invention the air or gas after compression in the chamber A is cooled in transit to the chamber A and before it passes through the ports A into the cylinder A. This cooling may be effected by the device illustrated in Fig. 1 where as will be seen there is mounted on the side of the cylinder a chamber D of suitable dimensions in one side of which is arranged a non-return valve controlling inlet ports D through which the air or gas is drawn by the suction of the annular face B of the piston B. This chamber D is partially divided by a partition D so as to form a passage D which leads to the pump chamber A and a passage D which leads to the annular delivery chamher A*. In the latter passage is conveniently arranged a throttle or cook E by means of which the quantity of air or gas flowing F, F The latter is in communication withthrough the ports A? into the cylinder A can be regulated. Running across the chamber Djarea series of tubes F through which a water can be circulated. As illustrated these tubes pass at each end through opposite walls of the chamber-D and terminate in chambers the jacketspace G surrounding the cylinder A; The lower chamber F is conveniently.

. in communication with 'a pump or other source-of supply by means of which cooling water is delivered to the engine.

- On the instroke of the piston B a charge of air or gas is drawn through the ports D into the chamber D over the pipes F and into the pump chamber A and the other end of thecylinder A. On the outstroke of the piston B this air is compressed in the chambers A and D and is then subjected to the coolingeflect of the water passing through the pipes F. Toward the end of the outstroke of the piston B the ports A are -un covered and the cooled charge then enters the cylinder A where it either has a scavenging eflect if its entry takes. place after explosion of the main charge and while-the exhaust valve is open or when the entry of the cooled charge occurs at the end of the suction stroke this cooled charge mingles with the main combustible charge which fills the cylinder A. q

' Referring to Figs. 2 and 3 the passage D through which the gases'pass from the pumpchamber A to the ports A leading into the cylinder is here formed as a flattened tube the shape of which is clearly indicated in the cross section in Fig. 3. This flattened tube D leads out of the chamber D in which are the valve-controlled inlet ports D and is carried through a water jacket F. In the opposite end of the flattened tube D? is disposed the throttle E. .The water jacket F 1s preferably in communication with the water circulation system of the engine, a

pipe F leading from this water jacket to the water jacket space G surrounding the cylinder A. In the construction illustrated in Fig. 3 the water jacket F is formed as a flattened tube inclosing the flattened gas passage tubeD but this water jacket may be otherwise shaped as for instance when several cylinders are disposed next to each other. In that case the tubes D of the several cylinders may be disposed adjacent and if desired connected or formed as a single casting the .whole row of tubes being arranged within'a single casing constituting the water jacket F".

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 4

the cooling of the charge of air or gas which is compressed in the chambers A and D is 'eifected bycarrying through the chamber D the induction pipe H through which the main combustible charge passes on its way D of the'chamber D which have radiating gills D formed on their exterior. An appreciable length of the induction pipe H is thus brought within the chamber D of which the outer walls are air-cooled by the gills D- on the extensions D The charge oi air or gas after and during compression has to pass through the passage D into the chamber D and thence past the throttle E through the passage D into the annular chamber A and to the cylinder A. The cooling is also assisted in this case by providing extensions so through the ports A into the cylinder A.

With this construction the heat from the compressed charge within the chamber'D is used to advantage in raising the temperachamber with said auxiliary ports,.whereby gases compressed in the pump chamber will be admitted to the combustion chamber ofthe cylinder as a super-charge when the auxiliary ports are uncovered on the outstroke of the piston, and means for cooling thegases in their passage from the pump the supply of gas to .the pump. .chamber, a passage connecting thepump chamber to the pistoncontrolled ports of the I cylinder.

2. An lnternal combustion englne lncludlng 1n comblnatlon, a cyllnder with lnlet and exhaust ports at one end and having a pump chamber at its other end, a piston slidable in the cylinder, means actuated by the piston tocompress gases in said chamber, means to i convey the compressed gases to the cylinder,

means to admit said gases as a supercharge to the cylinder near the end of the out-stroke of the piston, and means to absorb heat from said gases beforethey' enter the cylinder.

3. In an internal combustion engine the combination of acylinder provided with inlet and exhaust ports at one end formed with a pump chamber at its other end, a piston in the cylinder, auxiliary ports in the wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston'toward the end. of its outstro-ke, a passage leading from the pump chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port toward the pump chamber end of this pasnaezaoi sage, a throttle in this passage positioned toward the end adjacent to the piston controlled ports, and means for cooling the super-charge gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports as set forth.

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder formed with a pump chamber at one end thereof, and having inlet and exhaust ports at its opposite end,'a-ipiston in the cylinder, ports in the wallof the r cylinder positioned where they winjpe uncovered by the piston toward the end'of its outstroke, a chamber in communication with the pump chamber end of the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this chamber, a passage leading from this chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, a throttle in this passage positioned toward the end adjacent to the piston controlled ports, and means for cooling the super-charge gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports asset forth.

5. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder formed with a ump chamber at one end thereof, and havm Inlet and exhaust ports at its opposite en ;a piston in the cylinder, ports in the wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of its outstroke, a passage leading from the pump chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this passage, and a passage through which water can so pass as to cool the super-charge gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports as set forth.

6. In an internal combustion. engine the combination of a cylinder provided with main inlet and exhaust ports and formed with a pump chamber at one end thereof, a piston in the cylinder, auxiliary ports in the wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of itsoutstroke, a chamber in communication with the pump chamber end of the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this chamber, a passage leading from this chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, and a passage through which water can so pass as to cool the super-charge gases after compression in'the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports as set forth.

7. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder provided with main inlet and exhaust ports and formed with a pump chamber at one end thereof, a piston in the cylinder, auxiliary orts in the wall of the cylinder positione water jacket surrounding such portion of where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of its outstroke, a chamber in com-- munication with the pump chamber end of the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in charge gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports as set forth.

8. In an internal'combustion engine the combination of a cylinder provided at one end with main inlet and exhaust ports and formed with a pump chamber at its other end, a piston in the cylinder, auxiliary ports in the wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of its outstroke, a passage leading from the pump, chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this passage, and a.

this passage as to effect cooling of the gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the pis-' ton controlled ports to serve as a supercharge as set forth.

9. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder formed with a pump chamber. at one end thereof, and having main inlet and exhaust ports atits other end, a water jacket for the cylinder, a differential piston operative to compress gaseous charges in the pump chamber end of the cylinder, to serve as super-charges, aux iliary ports in the wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the 105 piston toward the end of its outstroke, a chamber in communication with the pump chamber end of the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this chamber, a passage leading from this chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, a throttle in this passage positioned toward the end adjacent to the piston controlled ports, a water jacket surrounding such portion of this passage as to eifect cooling of the gases after 5 compression in the pump chamber as they traverse the passage leading to the piston controlled ports, and a communication between this water' jacket and the cylinder water jacket as set forth.

10. In an internal combustion engine the comb' ation of a cylinder formed with a pump chamber at one end thereof, and having main inlet and exhaust ports at its other end, a piston in the cylinder, ports in the 12 wall of the cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of its outstroke a passage leading from the pump chamber to the iston controlled ports in the cylinder, a portion of the length end, a piston in the cylinder, auxiliary ports in the wall of the c linder positioned-wherethey will be uncovered by the piston toward of this passage being constituted byla flattened tube, a valve-controlled inlet port in f said passage, athrottle positioned in this 1 traverse the flattened portion of the passage I i passage toward that end of the flattened portion which is adjacent to the piston controlled ports, and a passage through which water can so pass as to cool the gases after compression in the pump chamber as they leading to the piston controlled ports as set forth. 1 v

11. In an internalcombustion engine the combination of a cylinder formed with a jpump chamber at one end thereof, and having main inlet and exhaust ports at its other the end of itsoutstroke, a chamber in communication with the pump chamber end of j the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in 12. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder formed with a pump chamber at one end thereof, and having mainfinlet and exhaust ports at its other end, a water jacket for'the cylinder, a differential piston operative to compress gaseous charges in the pump chamber end of the cylinder, to serve as super-charges,.au'xiliary ports in'the wall ofthe cylinder positioned where they will be uncovered by the piston toward the end of its outstroke, a chamberin communication with the pump chamber end of the cylinder, a valve-controlled inlet port in this chamber, apassageleading from this chamber to the piston controlled ports in the cylinder, this passagebeing formedfor the greater'part of its length. as av fiattened tube, a throttle in this passage positon controlled ports, a water jacket 'surrounding such portion of this passage as to effect cooling of the gases after compression in the pump chamber as they traverse-the passage to'the piston controlled ports, and a communication between this water jacket and the cylinder water jacket as setforth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my tioned toward the end adjacent to the pisname to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY RALPH RICARDO. Witnesses: .E. BASSETT, R. BAGGOTT. 

